猴头菇的营养价值与食用功效
<img alt="" width="450" height="338" src="http://www.chinavegan.com/userfiles/2011-08-28/20110828_2218345947.jpg" /></p><span style="color: #800000"></span><strong><span style="color: #800000"> 猴头菇</span></strong>，是中国传统的名贵菜肴，肉嫩、味香、鲜美可口。有“山珍猴头、海味燕窝”之称。这种齿菌科的菌类，菌伞表面长有毛茸状肉刺，长约1～3厘米，它的子实体圆而厚，新鲜时白色，干后由浅黄至浅褐色，基部狭窄或略有短柄，上部膨大，直径3.5～10厘米，远远望去似金丝猴头，故称“猴头菇”，又像刺猬，故又有“刺猬菌”之称。猴头菌是鲜美无比的山珍，菌肉鲜嫩，香醇可口，有“素中荤”之称，</p>
<strong>简介</strong></p>
猴头菇是一种木腐食用菌。一般生长在麻栎、山毛栎、栓皮栎、青刚栎、蒙古栎和胡桃科的胡桃倒木及活树虫孔中，悬挂于枯干或活树的枯死部分。野生菌大多生长在深山密林中。在平原和丘陵地区很少见到。</p>
猴头菇是食用蘑菇中名贵的品种。野生猴头蘑多生长在柞树等树干的枯死部位，喜欢低湿。东北各省和河南、河北、西藏、山西、甘肃、陕西、内蒙古、四川、湖北、广西、浙江等省都有出产。其中以东北大兴安岭，西北天山和阿尔泰山，西南横断山脉，西藏喜马拉雅山等林区尤多。</p>
<strong>营养分析</strong></p>
1.猴头菇是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、富含矿物质和维生素的一种优良食品;</p>
2.猴头菇含不饱和脂肪酸，能降低血胆固醇和甘油三酯含量，调节血脂，利于血液循环，是心血管患者的理想食品;</p>
3.猴头菇含有的多糖体、多肽类及脂肪物质，能抑制癌细胞中遗传物质的合成，从而预防和治疗消化道癌症和其他恶性肿瘤;</p>
4.猴头菇中含有多种氨基酸和丰富的多糖体，能助消化，对胃炎、胃癌、食道癌、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡等消化道疾病的疗效令人瞩目;</p>
5.猴头菇具有提高肌体免疫力的功能，可延缓衰老。</p>
猴头菇的营养素含量</p>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">热量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">千卡</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">13</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硫胺素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.01</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钙</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">19</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">蛋白质</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">核黄素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.04</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">镁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">5</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">脂肪</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">烟酸</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">2.8</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">碳水化合物</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.7</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">C(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">4</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锰</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.03</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">膳食纤维</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">4.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">E(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.46</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锌</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.4</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">A(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">0</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胆固醇</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">0</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铜</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.06</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胡罗卜素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.6</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钾</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">8</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">磷</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">37</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">视黄醇当量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">92.3</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钠</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">175.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硒</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.28</span></div>
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<strong>食疗价值</strong></p>
1、药性</p>
性平、味甘。利五脏，助消化;具有健胃，补虚，抗癌，益肾精之功效;</p>
主治食少便溏、胃及十二指肠溃疡、神经衰弱、食道癌、胃癌、眩晕、阳痿等病症。年老体弱者食用猴头菇，有滋补强身的作用。</p>
2、成分</p>
含挥发油、蛋白质、多糖类、氨基酸等成分。对小鼠肉瘤180有抑制作用;体外对艾氏腹水癌细胞有抑制作用，能抑制其脱氧核酸的合成，阻止胸腺嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷和尿嘧啶核苷酸的掺入，其作用强度与其浓度有关。</p>
3、用途</p>
用于脾胃虚弱，消化不良。现代又用于神经衰弱;胃和十二指肠溃疡、慢性胃炎;食管癌、胃癌、肠癌等消化道肿瘤。</p>
4、用法</p>
夏、秋季采收;人工培育的子实体待菌龄至3个月左右长成时取下。晒干用，或用鲜品。煎汤，煮食等。</p>
5、适宜人群</p>
低免疫力人群，高脑力人群;对菌物食品过敏者慎用。婴儿和老人均可食用。</p>
有心血管疾病、有胃肠病的患者更应食用猴头菇。</p>
<strong>烹饪指导</strong></p>
食用猴头菇要经过洗涤、涨发、漂洗和烹制4个阶段，直至软烂如豆腐时营养成分才完全析出。另外霉烂变质的猴头菇不可食用，以防中毒。</p>
<span style="color: #339966"> </span><strong><span style="color: #339966"> 一、</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #339966">菠萝咕噜猴头菇</span></strong></p>
<strong><span style="color: #339966"> 二、</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #339966">水煮笋片猴头菇</span></strong></p>
<strong><span style="color: #339966"> 三、</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #339966">红烧猴头菇</span></strong></p>
<strong><span style="color: #339966"> 四、</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #339966">白灼猴头菇</span></strong></p>
<strong>相关产品</strong></p>
<span style="color: #800000">猴头菇琼浆</span></p>
猴头菇琼浆是一种高功能的菌物性饮品。采用的独特的细胞破壁和溶壁技术，将猴头菇细胞所含的多种人体必需氨基酸、菌物多糖、矿物质营养元素释放出来，使人体细胞最大程度的直接吸收这些营养，达到了细胞营养品的标准。与目前国际市场上流行的猴头菇颗粒剂、片剂和胶囊产品等相比，猴头菇琼浆采用的浆剂形式，保留了鲜猴头菇的高生物活性，使其药理的疗效更为突出。</p>
特点：</p>
选料珍稀：猴头菇是珍稀大型食药兼用真菌，是中国明清两朝皇室贡品，本品精选新鲜猴头菇子实体为原材料，经玛西蒙专利技术精制而成。</p>
养护肠胃：具独特的消化道系统保护、调理和修复功能：可助消化、益肝脾，解饥解渴、消除宿毒等多重功效。对食欲不振，恶心呕吐者，饮用本品后能迅速止呕，食欲可得到明显改善。</p>
增免疫力：猴头菇对增强人体免疫力尤为突出，长期饮用本品，可提高人体对SARS，禽流感，流感等疾患的反抗力，是预防上述疾病的理想新武器。猴头菇抗肿瘤，非凡是胃癌，医学界已有定论。对放、化疗的肿瘤患者在术前一周开始食用本品，可起到显著的术前保护和术后哦康复作用：对方、化疗过敏或体弱患者其效果尤为明显。</p>
益寿抗衰：猴头菇对神经衰弱、失眠有特效。近年日本学者提出，猴头菇所含“ß-D-葡聚糖”和神经细胞促生因子。可促进脑神经细胞生长和再生，对预防和治疗老年痴呆症有良好效果。所以，本品亦是益寿抗衰的新型营养健脑食品。</p>
<span style="color: #800000">猴头菇粉</span></p>
1、美发功效</p>
提高机体免疫能力,抗疲惫,抗氧化,抗突变,降血脂,抗衰老,补益脾胃,充养气血.</p>
2、临床试验表明</p>
猴头菌用于治胃溃疡、，病人服用猴头菌后，自觉症状改善，食欲增添，疼痛缓解;对部分肿瘤患者，还有提高细胞免疫功能，缩小肿块，延长生存期的良好效果。 可以帮助以下人群：</p>
①防治胃溃疡和慢性胃炎，脾胃虚弱，气血不足所致的食少体倦，腹胀，腹痛等症，尤其适用于防止胃病复发，缓解因胃炎引起的腹部疼痛;</p>
②胃肠炎疾病及肝炎患者有辅助治疗，对消化道肿瘤患者大有裨益;</p>
③适合食欲不佳，胃肠功能紊乱以及经常不能按时进餐，常吃快餐的职业人群。</p>
3、适合人群</p>
老少皆宜。有心血管疾病、消化系统疾病和患有咳喘的人均可食用。适用量：每次5-10克。</p>
4、饮食宜忌</p>
老少皆宜。有心血管疾病、消化系统疾病和患有咳喘的人均可食用。每次5～10克</p>
<strong>其他相关</strong></p>
在过去猴头菇一直都是野生的，多产于大山林中的荫蔽处。自古以来，中国人就有到深山密林里采集野生猴头菇作为食品和药物的习惯。据说，至今在河南伏牛山一带的群众中还流传着唐代士卒在山林中采食猴头菇的故事。</p>
选购猴头菇：新鲜时呈白色;干制后呈褐色或淡棕色。现在一些人工栽培的猴头菇，以形体完整、茸毛齐全、体大、色泽金黄色者为主要标志。</p>
猴头菇的泡发方法：干猴头菇适宜用水泡发而不宜用醋泡发，泡发时先将猴头菇洗净，然后放在热水或沸水中浸泡3个小时以上〔泡发至没有白色硬芯即可，假如泡发不充分，烹调的时候由于蛋白质变性很难将猴头菇煮软〕。另外需要注重的是，即使将猴头菇泡发好了，在烹制的时候要加入料酒或白醋进行煮制，这样做可以中和一部分猴头菇本身带有的苦味。</p>
猴头菇之乡在海林</p>
长期以来，人们把它与燕窝相提并论。猴头菇有很好的滋补作用，能治疗消化不良、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、神经衰弱等疾病，民间有“多食猴头，返老还童”之说。</p>
野生猴头菇多生长于森林不太茂密、湿度较高、温度在20℃左右的环境中。猴头菇属木材腐生菌，能够分解木材，并吸收其中的碳源、氮源、矿质元素及维生素等。</p>
黑龙江海林市是闻名的“中国猴头菇之乡”，它地处长白山余脉、张广才岭东麓。这里林木资源丰富，境内林地面积8950平方公里，森林覆盖率达56.6%，在这种优质地理条件下生长的猴头菇毛短、单个重量大、内部比较硬实，而且口感好、无苦味。</p>
<strong>成对出现有典故</strong></p>
采集野生猴头菇的人发现它有个非常奇异的生长规律：远程成对而生。也就是说，你看到一棵树上有只猴头菇，看清楚它的朝向，往相对的方向仔细看，在不远处的树上必定还能找到另一只猴头菇，这个方法屡试不爽。</p>
据说，当年孙悟空保唐僧去西天取经时，花果山上有一对年轻的猴子彼此安慰和照顾，产生了爱情。一只失恋的狐狸被嫉妒冲昏头脑，投诉了他们，于是他们被流放到边塞宁古塔。由于不适应那里的严寒，他们双双被冻死。临死前，他们选择了两棵相距不远，能够彼此相望的柞树作为最后的归宿。他们死后化作猴头菇，在兴安岭的大森林里，依然相依相伴、成对出现。</p> 顶！ 关注
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