木耳菜的营养价值与食用功效
<img alt="" width="293" height="392" src="http://www.chinavegan.com/userfiles/2012-07-22/20120722_2208007019.jpg" /></p>
<span style="color: #800000"> </span><strong><span style="color: #800000">木耳菜</span></strong> 别名落葵、藤菜、承露、无葵、软浆叶、篱笆菜、御菜、紫豆菜、胭脂菜、豆腐菜、染浆叶、红果儿、繁露、软姜子等，属落葵科一年生蔓生草本植物。木耳菜以幼苗、嫩梢或嫩叶供食，质地柔嫩软滑，营养价值高。可作汤菜、爆炒、烫食、凉拌等，其味清香，咀嚼时如吃木耳一般清脆爽口，故名木耳菜。木耳菜在南北方普遍栽培，在南方热带地区可多年生栽培，在北方多采用一年生栽培。</p>
<strong>简介</strong></p>
又名落葵、西洋菜、豆腐菜、紫角叶，是中国的古老蔬菜。因为它的叶子近似圆形，肥厚而黏滑，似乎木耳的感觉，所以俗称木耳菜，木耳菜的嫩叶烹调后清香鲜美，口感嫩滑，深受南方居民的喜爱;近年来，北方人也尝到了它的美味。</p>
【性味】：性寒，味甘酸。</p>
【功效】：】：清热，凉血，滑肠，通便，解毒。</p>
【宜食】：适宜发热，大便秘结，便血，痔疮，湿热痢疾和疽肿疔毒之人食用。</p>
《本草纲目》：“落葵三月种之，嫩苗可食。五月蔓延，其叶似杏叶而肥厚软滑，作蔬和肉皆宜。”《岭南采药录》：“治湿热痢。”《福建民间草药》：“泻热，滑肠，消痈，解毒。治阑尾炎。”</p>
【忌食】：平素脾胃虚寒，便溏腹泻者忌食;怀孕妇女及女子月经期间忌食。</p>
《本草纲目》：“落葵，甘，微寒，冷滑，利大小肠，脾冷人不可食。”《南宁市药物志》：“孕妇忌服。”</p>
【按语】：木耳菜原产于亚洲热带，在非洲、美洲也有分布，我国各地都有栽培，作为蔬菜食用，至少有1500多年的历史。此菜茎叶清香脆嫩，柔滑爽口，在我国沿江和南部诸多城乡备受群众推崇。</p>
生境分布</p>
生于海拔2000m以下地区，我国长江流域以南各地均有栽培，北方少见。</p>
类型与品种</p>
木耳菜的种类很多，根据花的颜色，可分为红花落葵、白花落葵、黑花落葵。作为蔬菜用栽培的主要为前2种。</p>
栽培季节</p>
木耳菜从播种至开始采收时间很短，加上耐热、耐湿，所以在长江流域和华北地区自4月晚霜过后至8月可陆续播种。华北地区以春播为主，一般在4月中下旬，晚霜已过，地温在15℃左右时即开始播种，进行露地栽培。如用风障阳畦育苗移栽栽培时，可在3月上中旬在阳畦、塑料大棚等设施中育苗，4月中下旬定植在露地。木耳菜的春早熟栽培一般在1～2月育苗，2～3月定植在日光温室或塑料大、中、小棚中。越冬栽培在10～12月播种，在日光温室中栽培。</p>
<strong> 食用功效</strong></p>
木耳菜的营养素含量极其丰富，尤其钙、铁等元素含量最高，除蛋白质含量比苋菜稍少之外，其他项目与苋菜不相上下，药用时有清热、解毒、滑肠、凉血的功效，可用于治疗便秘、痢疾、疖肿、皮肤炎等病。因富含维生素A、维生素B、维生素C和蛋白质，而且热量低、脂肪少，经常食用有降血压、益肝、清热凉血、利尿、防止便秘等疗效，极适宜老年人食用。木耳菜的钙含量很高，是菠菜的2—3倍，且草酸含量极低，是补钙的优选经济菜。</p>
适合人群：所有人均适合食用。高血压、肝病、便秘患者可以多食，极适宜老年人食用。</p>
适用量：每次50～70克。</p>
食疗作用</p>
木耳菜味甘、酸、性寒，归心、肝、脾、大肠、小肠经;</p>
具有清热、解毒、滑肠、润燥、凉血、生肌的功效;</p>
可用于治疗便秘、痢疾、疖肿、皮肤炎症等病。</p>
【附方】：</p>
木耳菜汤：木耳菜500g，加水煮熟后，以食盐、酱油、醋等调味，食菜饮汤。</p>
本方取落葵寒凉、柔滑，清热滑肠之功。用于烦热而又大便燥结者。</p>
<strong> 营养价值</strong></p>
木耳菜的营养素含量极其丰富，尤其钙、铁等元素含量甚高，除蛋白质含量比苋菜稍少之外，其他项目与苋菜不相上下。木耳菜以嫩茎叶供食，可炒食、烫食、凉拌。其味清香，清脆爽口，如木耳一般，别有风味。</p>
木耳菜全株可入药。种子和叶片入中药，味甘、微酸、冷滑，有散热、利尿、润泽人面、清热凉血之功效。</p>
木耳菜叶碧绿、梗红、花红、果紫，加上攀缘生长，可作篱笆式栽培，有立体绿化的效果，极具观赏价值。</p>
"落葵"的营养素含量</p>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">热量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">千卡</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">20</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硫胺素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.06</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钙</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">166</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">蛋白质</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">核黄素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.06</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">镁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">62</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">脂肪</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.3</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">烟酸</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">3.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">碳水化合物</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">2.8</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">C(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">34</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锰</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.43</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">膳食纤维</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.5</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">E(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.66</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锌</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.32</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">A(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">337</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胆固醇</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">0</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铜</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.07</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胡罗卜素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钾</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">140</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">磷</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">42</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">视黄醇当量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">92.8</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钠</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">47.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硒</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">2.6</span></div>
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<strong>美食烹饪</strong></p>
温馨提示：木耳菜适宜素炒，要用旺火快炒，炒的时间长了易出黏液，并且不宜放酱油。</p>
一、清炒木耳菜</p>
材料：</p>
主料：木耳菜350克</p>
调料：花生油15克，大蒜15克，香油8克，料酒3克，盐2克，味精1克</p>
做法：</p>
⒈ 木耳菜洗净，捞出沥水备用;</p>
⒉ 蒜切成末;</p>
⒊ 炒锅放火上，倒入花生油烧热，放入蒜末稍炒;</p>
⒋ 倒入料酒，放入木耳菜、精盐、味精，浇入香油，出锅即可。</p>
二、甜椒木耳菜汤</p>
材料：</p>
主料：青椒200克，木耳菜520克</p>
调料：姜3克，盐3克，花生油5克</p>
做法：</p>
⒈ 木耳菜洗净。</p>
⒉ 放入开水中，加1汤匙油灼熟，捞起沥水。</p>
⒊ 放下青椒，与木耳加入调味爆炒一会。</p>
⒋ 加入高汤，煮开即成。</p>
三、多味木耳菜</p>
材料</p>
木耳菜200克 海带丝50克 水发粉丝50克 红辣椒1个 熟芝麻适量 植物油15克 香油1小匙 红油1小匙 花椒油1小匙 酱油1小匙 芝麻酱1小匙 香醋1小匙 精盐0.5小匙 白糖1小匙 味精0.5小匙</p>
做法</p>
1. 调制怪味汁：将芝麻酱用香油泡开，再将精盐、酱油、糖、醋、熟芝麻、红油、花椒油、味精放入调匀即成;</p>
2.木耳菜择洗干净，去掉老筋切段;海带丝洗净，放入沸水中焯至断生，然后沥干，再将粉丝放沸水中焯水沥干;红辣椒洗净切丝;</p>
3.锅内放油，烧热，倒入木耳菜翻炒，再倒入海带丝、粉丝和辣椒丝，淋上怪味汁，拌匀即成。</p>
注重</p>
口感爽滑，味道非凡。要用大火炒木耳菜。</p>
四、木耳菜豆腐汤</p>
材料:木耳菜，豆腐，葱姜，调料：盐，胡椒粉，香油</p>
木耳菜的做法:</p>
1. 锅热倒少许油, 加入葱姜丝炒香后倒入适量开水烧开</p>
2. 加入豆腐, 煮两分钟</p>
3. 加盐, 胡椒粉调味</p>
4. 加入木耳菜, 烧开后煮一分钟左右, 点香油出锅.</p>
<strong> 其他相关</strong></p>
发展前景猜测</p>
木耳菜耐热、耐湿，是江南地区夏季高温季节的主要蔬菜。对于解决7、8、9月3个月南方蔬菜淡季有重要的作用，为南方大路蔬菜之一。北方由于喜食果菜，故栽培较少，为稀特蔬菜。由于木耳菜的营养丰富，食用口感好，庭园栽培轻易，既可食用，又可美化绿化环境，加上近年来生活水平的提高，需要的蔬菜花色品种增加，因此栽培面积有增加的趋势。看来，木耳菜有望由稀特蔬菜转入大路蔬菜。</p> 有好结果
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