大头菜的营养价值与食用功效
<img alt="" src="/userfiles/2011-08-03/20110803_2104435845.jpg" /></p>名称：<span style="color: #800000">芜菁</span></p>
别称：蔓菁、诸葛菜、大头菜、圆菜头、圆根、盘菜</p>
分布：原产欧洲，现欧洲、亚洲和美洲均有栽培。</p>
分类：十字花科、芸苔属、芸苔种、芜菁亚种</p>
品种：金铃芜菁、东京小芜菁、金町芜菁</p>
花期：冬季12～2月为生产期</p>
治理：性喜冷凉，不耐暑热，生育适温15～22度</p>
施肥：以疏松肥沃之砂质土壤栽培为佳，排水、日照需良好</p>
繁殖：播种法繁殖，冬至秋季10～11月播种为佳。</p>
<strong> 简介</strong></p>
芜菁，大头菜，又称大头芥，根如圆萝卜，盐腌晒干作咸菜名梳菜。华东一带通称香大头。肉质根柔嫩、致密，供炒食、煮食或腌渍。欧洲、亚洲和美洲均有栽培。</p>
起源</p>
起源与栽培简史：芜菁起源中心在地中海沿岸及阿富汗、巴基斯坦、外高加索等地，由油用亚种(ssp.oleifera)演化而来。法国有许多芜菁种质资源;在斯堪的纳维亚半岛大量栽培饲用种。中世纪古埃及、希腊、罗马已普遍栽培，在亚洲也普遍栽培。美洲栽培的芜菁由欧洲引入。</p>
<strong>药用及功能</strong></p>
性味 苦辛甘，平。</p>
①《别录》："味苦温，无毒。"</p>
②《饮膳正要》："味甘，平，无毒。"</p>
③《纲目》："辛甘苦。"</p>
功用主治</p>
开胃下气，利湿解毒。治食积不化，黄疸，消渴，热毒风肿，疔疮，乳痈。</p>
用法与用量</p>
内服：煮食或捣汁饮。外用：捣敷。</p>
宜忌①《千金•食治》：“不可多食，令人气胀。”</p>
②《本草衍义》：“过食动气。”</p>
<strong>营养分析</strong></p>
芜青这种球根植物应该原产于欧洲，各种芜菁不论大小、外形或颜色的差异都相当大。芜菁全年都可以买到，青嫩的小型球根可以整颗烹煮并榨泥糊，或将老芜菁加在煨菜和汤里。芜菁上端的绿叶可用来作为春季蔬菜。</p>
<span style="font-size: 9pt">芥菜头</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">[</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">大头菜，水芥</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">]</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">的营养素含量（指</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">100</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">可食部食品中的含量）</span></p>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">热量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">千卡</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">33</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硫胺素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.06</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钙</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">65</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">蛋白质</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.9</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">核黄素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.02</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">镁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">19</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">脂肪</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">烟酸</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铁</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.8</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">碳水化合物</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">C(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">34</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锰</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.15</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">膳食纤维</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">1.4</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">E(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.2</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">锌</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.39</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">维生素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">A(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">0</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胆固醇</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">0</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">铜</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.09</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">胡罗卜素</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.9</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钾</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">243</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">磷</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">36</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">视黄醇当量</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">89.6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">钠</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">毫克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: #ffffff; border-left: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; background: white; height: 22.5pt; border-top: #ffffff; border-right: #ffffff; padding-top: 0cm">
<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">65.6</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt"></span><span style="font-size: 9pt">硒</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">微克</span><span style="font-size: 9pt">)</span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 11.25pt" align="left"><span style="font-size: 9pt">.95</span></div>
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<strong> 美味菜肴</strong></p>
一、 红枣金银菜大头菜汤</p>
主料：芥菜干40克,白菜480克,圆白菜100克</p>
辅料：枣20克</p>
调料：姜3克</p>
做法：</p>
1. 菜干浸软，洗净揸干水，切短，白菜洗净亦切短，大头菜洗净，切小片。</p>
2. 水适量煲开，放入所有汤料煲开，慢火煲3小时即成。</p>
小帖士-健康提示：</p>
清润生津，消滞清肠，含粗纤维。</p>
二、红辣大头菜</p>
原料：咸大头菜5000克，盐50克，酱油500克，辣椒粉100克。</p>
做法：</p>
1、将咸大头菜洗好切成不分散的薄片入缸，用酱油泡2-3天，取出;</p>
2、把大头菜片，撒匀辣椒粉，细盐，放入容器中焖制5天即成。</p>
三、凉拌韩式大头菜</p>
四、火爆大头菜</p>
主料：大头菜</p>
辅料：蒜几瓣,小红辣椒若干</p>
调料：素蚝油,盐,味精</p>
做法：大头菜切成不规则的外形，蒜拍碎后再切成大点的粒，小红辣椒则用手掰成二瓣。炒锅用大火，放入油，待油八成熟时放入蒜粒和小红辣椒，炒出香味。倒入一勺蚝油后放入切好的头菜，用急火爆炒，等菜将熟时放入盐和味精即可装盘。</p>
简单吧，味道不错的，有空可以一试。</p>
火爆大头菜做法一</p>
制作工艺：炒锅放油烧热，放辣椒末，花椒粒爆香，放入切好的大头菜，迅速翻炒，放盐，不再加其他作料，出勺。</p>
火爆大头菜做法二</p>
做法是,铁锅内放入花生油.等油热后,先放入干花椒炸出香味.待花椒香味出来后,放入切好的干红辣椒.爆香.此时注重火不要太大,否则易糊.待辣椒爆至金黄色,倒入切好的大头菜,改大火,迅速翻炒一二分钟就行了放醋,盐,味精,既可出锅,此菜特点,麻.辣.酸,脆,香</p>
火爆大头菜做法三</p>
做法是：先将大头菜切成小块用多于平时炒菜的盐腌大概10分钟，最好用手抓匀，这样比较轻易腌，腌好之后用手把多余的水份挤出去备用。</p>
锅里放入油，油热后放入花椒干辣椒，然后放入葱花，倒入刚刚腌好的元白菜快速翻炒，放入少量白糖，不用放盐。出锅的时候放入少量鸡精就好了，这样炒出来的元白菜会很脆，麻辣味道也很浓，很好吃</p>
<strong>相关传说</strong></p>
襄樊大头菜是历史悠久的具有地方特色的传统产品。大头菜的学名“芥菜”，又称“蔓茎”，系根菜类，属十字花科，质地紧密，水份少，纤维多,外形为锥型，肉白色，肉质坚实，有强烈地芥辣味，不宜生吃，它含有丰富的维生素和大量的微量元素、糖类、蛋白质等。通过腌制后，成为独特风味的佳品。襄樊大头菜又称“孔明菜”。相传东汉末年，诸葛亮隐居古隆中，每当寒冬腊月，他就把称为“蔓茎”的野菜挖回来凉拌下饭。有一次诸葛亮出门访友，临走前做了一盘蔓茎丝，数天后回家，见没有吃完的蔓茎丝无异味，就试尝了一下，一吃感到又脆又嫩，非常可口，立即悟出了其中的奥妙。新鲜蔓茎用盐多腌一些时间就能变成美味佳肴。故相传诸葛亮是腌制大头菜的创始人。从此襄樊人腌制大头菜的习俗和方法就逐渐发展，流传至今。现已成为远近驰名的地方传统产品。</p> 感谢楼主的分享! 友情顶贴
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